Simple and economic syntheses of some (Z)-7- and (Z)-9-alkenyl acetates,and of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate,the sex pheromone of the European grapevine moth,using aleuritic acid as a common starting material

Short syntheses of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate from 7-hydroxyheptanal and 9-oxononanoic acid precursors obtained by oxidative cleavage of easily available aleuritic acid are reported. The key step in these syntheses is a stereoselective Wittig reaction between aldehyde and alkyl-phosphonium salt. Wittig-Horner type reaction of 7-hydroxyheptanal and diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate gave the ,-unsaturated nitrile derivative which after protection of the hydroxyl group was reduced to the corresponding aldehyde. Wittig reaction of the latter, followed by acetylation, completed the synthesis of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, the sex pheromone of the European grapevine mothLobesia botrana Schiff.     

废硫酸裂解制硫酸装置存在的问题与对策

介绍了抚顺石化公司石油二厂16kt／a烷基化废硫酸裂解制硫酸装置生产运行中存在的问题，通过运行试验、分析研究，提出了的相应对策并进行了技术改造，取得了显著效果，实现了“不烧硫磺，单独利用废硫酸裂解制硫酸”的重大工艺突破，提高了废硫酸的处理能力，实现了经济效益和环境效益双增长。     

对苯二甲酸精制钯碳催化剂内扩散有效因子的估算

在高压磁力搅拌间歇反应釜中研究了粗对苯二甲酸在不同反应温度下,两种粒径的Pd/C催化剂上加氢精制反应的规律。按照该反应对于对羟基苯甲醛(4 CBA)是拟一级反应估算了催化剂的内扩散有效因子η值。本试验估算的η值与动力学研究拟合得到的η值吻合良好。     

Blends of ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid terpolymers with ethylene–acrylic acid copolymers: Mechanical and thermomechanical properties

The effect of methyl acrylate content in ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid (E–MA–AA) terpolymers and acrylic acid content in ethylene–acrylic acid (E–AA) copolymers was investigated in blends of these two materials. The E–MA–AA terpolymer with 8 mol % methyl acrylate was not miscible with any E–AA material no matter what the AA content, whereas the terpolymer with only about 2 mol % methyl acrylate was miscible, at least to some extent, with the E–AA copolymer at high acrylic acid contents. Evidence supporting this conclusion derived from gloss, differential scanning calorimetry testing, and dynamic mechanical measurements. For the E–AA polymer material with the highest acid content, there was a synergistic effect for some properties at low added amounts of E–MA–AA copolymer; the tensile strength and hardness were 10% higher than values for the E–AA copolymer, even though the E–AA copolymer was much stiffer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2216–2222, 2004     

我国DSD酸行业推行清洁生产工艺的思考

2002年我国DSD酸的产量近2万t,占世界DSD酸总产量的40％,其中出口1.2万t,占世界DSD酸总贸易量的35％。我国DSD酸的现行合成路线仍采用传统的先污染后治理的模式,但也开发了一些清洁生产工艺,包括SO_3磺化、有机溶剂氧化、催化加氢还原等。目前企业采用现有清洁生产工艺工业化生产DSD酸还存在困难,作者建议应加强政策引导,强化管理,依靠科技组织进行示范,同时加强国际合作交流,引进技术。     

铜陵一冶环保治理工程的设计

介绍冶炼烟气制本系统环保治理工程的工艺设计及生产运行情况。污水处理系统采用中和曝气加铁盐除砷工艺，引进了戈尔膜过滤器。尾气处理系统，采用石灰中和法，引进动波洗涤技术和关键设备。环保治理工程投产后，废气均达标排放。     

白炭黑原位填充的改性室温硫化硅橡胶胶黏剂

采用原位填充白炭黑与甲基丙烯酸(酯)改性相结合的方法制备了室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶胶黏剂,用红外光谱与凝胶渗透色谱表征了RTV硅橡胶的结构及其胶黏剂的相对分子质量,用扫描电子显微镜分析了白炭黑的分散性,并考察了胶黏剂对金属铝黏接性能的影响因素。结果表明,RTV硅橡胶、甲基丙烯酸(酯)与白炭黑形成了共聚物;随着白炭黑含量的增加,胶黏剂的相对分子质量分布变宽;当偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷/正钛酸四丁酯(质量比3)质量分数为1.5%,白炭黑质量分数为1.5%,交联剂原硅酸四乙酯及催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡的质量分数分别为1.0%,0.1%时,胶黏剂粘接铝的最大剪切强度可达到5.64MPa。     

二次酸水解法从黄姜中提取薯蓣皂甙元的工艺

薯蓣皂甙元是合成甾体激素药物和甾体避孕药物的重要原料,是黄姜中的主要活性物质。采用正交实验的方法,探讨了经过二次酸水解法从黄姜中提取薯蓣皂甙元的工艺条件,结果表明该方法提取的薯蓣皂甙元产率达到了2.41%,比直接水解法(2.20%)提高了9.55%。另外,采用熔点、元素分析法、红外、核磁等一系列的手段对产品进行表征,结果表明该法是可行的,提取的薯蓣皂甙元的质量纯度达到了工业的要求。     

Removal of fulvic acid from aqueous media by adsorption onto modified vermiculite

Clay minerals are low cost materials that can be structurally modified and exploited for removal of natural organic matter from freshwaters. The present study shows that vermiculites modified by ion exchange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium or intercalation with poly(hydroxy iron) cations are potential adsorbents for removal of fulvic acid, whereas the adsorption on the raw clay mineral is negligible. The efficiency of the modified vermiculite was evaluated by measuring adsorption isotherms by the batch technique using initial fulvic acid concentrations between 2.5 and 50.0 mg L^− 1, with one hour of contact time. At least 94% of the fulvic acid initially present in a 20 mg L^− 1 solution was sorbed onto either the intercalated poly(hydroxy iron) cations or the organically modified vermiculite. Up to an initial concentration of 5.0 mg L^− 1 the adsorption is irreversible, and no quantifiable fulvic acid was measured in the desorption experiments. For initial fulvic acid concentrations between 10.0 and 50.0 mg L^− 1, desorption was between 2.3% and 4.9% for Fe(III) intercalated vermiculite, and between 1.4% and 9.2% for the organoclay. The adsorption percentages on intercalated poly(hydroxy iron) cations increased upon lowering pH and increasing the ionic strength, indicating the occurrence of strong binding mechanisms such as ligand exchange. Adsorption percentage of fulvic acid onto the organoclay also increased with lowering of pH, but in this case the adsorption percentages showed a small decrease at high ionic strength, suggesting that electrostatic attraction plays an important role in the adsorption process.     

In situ polycondensation of amino acid modified liposomes and their properties

Three amphiphilic amino acids based on glutamic acid, i.e. S-[1-carboxy-2-([N-bistetradecyl- -glutamate]carbon-yl)ethyl]cysteine (1), S-[1-carboxy-2-([N-bishexadecyl- -glutamate]carbonyl)ethyl]cysteine (2), S-[1-carboxy-2-([N-bis-octadecyl- -glutamate]carbonyl)ethyl]cysteine (3), were synthesized. The aggregation behavior of them in water or buffer solution was studied. It was found that upon hydration and sonication in water, they could form stable liposomes. This kind of amino acid modified liposome was then polycondensed locally on the liposome surface to form a polypeptide-surfaced liposome and the peptide formation was detected by Fr-IR, GPC, etc. The effect of polycondensation of amino acid on the properties of liposomes were studied by detecting the phase transition temperatures with DSC or measuring the leakage of the encapsulated fluorescent probe from the liposomes. It was observed that the phase transition temperatures of the peptide liposomes moved down and the polycondensation of amino acid moieties obviously increased the leakage of the encapsulated molecules.